Jacobs MK, McCance KL, Stewart ML.
Leg volume changes with EPIC and posturing in dependent pregnancy edema.
Nurs Res 1986 Mar-Apr;35(2):86-9

This study explored the differential effects of external pneumatic intermittent
compression (EPIC) and posturing on leg volume changes in healthy pregnant women
with dependent leg edema. Thirty-five healthy pregnant women with severe pedal
edema were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The experimental
group (n = 17) received EPIC for 30 minutes at 40 torr while in the left lateral
recumbent position. Control women (n = 18) were similarly positioned, but
received no EPIC. Both groups walked for 10 minutes following left lateral
posturing. Circumference measures required for leg volume estimates were made:
prior to posturing (Time 1), immediately after posturing (Time 2), and following
the ambulation period (Time 3). Volume losses for the experimental group were
greater than for the control group at Time 2. Although volume losses for the
experimental group had reversed somewhat at Time 3, they remained greater than
control group losses, which did not change from Time 2 to Time 3. Analysis of
covariance revealed significant mean volume losses for both experimental and
control groups, with ponderal index the only significant covariate.